The pine tree is full of treasure. We know that pine needles are great remedies for respiratory issues. What about the pine bark? Pinus pinaster is a type of pine tree native to areas of the Mediterranean, including Portugal, Spain, France, and Morocco. The trees are commonly referred to as maritime or French pine trees. The bark of maritime pines is thick and grows in various shades of brown, orange, and red. Its use dates back to the 1500s when French explorer Jacques Cartier and his sailors struggled with scurvy, known as vitamin C deficiency, during their long sailing voyages from France to the New World. The Quebec Indian tribes shared their ancestral wisdom with Cartier and used the local pine tree bark as a tea to treat scurvy. French maritime pine bark contains an extract called pycnogenol that is packed with health benefits for the brain, skin, respiratory system, and more. Pycnogenol has a high flavonoid content, which provides antioxidant protection that's twice as powerful as vitamin E and four times greater than vitamin C. Pycnogenol also helps support collagen membranes and improve heart health by inhibiting a specific enzyme called ACE.
The most notable polyphenol nutrients in pine bark extract are procyanidins, which are a type of flavonoid that acts as an antioxidant. Catechins are another antioxidant-like flavonoid family that protects cells from oxidative stress from free radicals. Phenolic acids are a group of polyphenols that exhibit high antioxidant activity. All these compounds in the pine bark extract provide antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties.Pine bark extract has a significant impact on nitric oxide levels in the body, which are responsible for vasodilation and improving blood flow. A recent study found that the combination of pine bark extract and arginine was effective for improving mild to moderate erectile dysfunction. New research shows that adults over the age of 55, supplementing with Pycnogenol over the course of one year, showed improved brain functions and memories compared to placebo groups. In addition, a preclinical study found that pycnogenol can prevent amyloid-beta plaques, which are the proteins in the brain that can impact memory.
Pycnogenol is an antioxidant that provides some photoprotection. Research shows it may support skin barrier function and skin elasticity. A clinical study has shown that the pine bark extract fights free radicals in the skin and may promote skin moisture. Pycnogenol offers photoprotection and may be used to reduce hyperpigmentation of skin. Pine bark extract has been studied for anti-diabetic properties. The effects of the pine bark extract showed a significant reduction in the levels of blood glucose and improved insulin sensitivity compared to a placebo.
Clinical research has shown that pine bark extract helps improve sexual function for men by promoting endothelial nitric oxide synthase, which is an enzyme that creates nitric oxide. Endothelial cells release this enzyme to help relax the arteries and increase blood flow by boosting nitric oxide levels, which support both heart function and male sexual function.
Pycnogenol is one of the most common pine bark extracts on the market. It is a standardized supplement formula that contains at least 65-75% proanthocyanidins, the active ingredients that provide many health benefits. It’s also a common ingredient in other supplement blends. Most clinical studies show that 100-200 mg daily of procyanidin-rich pycnogenol is an effective dose. It can also be found in creams, lotions, or ointments, typically containing 0.5 – 2% of pine bark extract. Some people may have sensitivities to pine bark, including those who are immunosuppressed, pregnant, or breastfeeding. It is recommended to check with a clinician prior to taking either pine bark extract or pycnogenol.
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